What is an animal and what is the internal structure of an animal’s body

What is an animal? Any multicellular and eukaryotic organism is called an animal, and animals are considered consumers of organisms, which means that they cannot produce food by themselves, and there are about 10 million animal species. Only 800,000 species have been discovered, and we will learn more about the animal. in this article.

What is an animal

• An animal is a living organism that has a number of characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms, including: With the exception of some species such as corals, sponges, and shellfish, it feeds on organic matter because it breathes oxygen, digests, and has the ability to move.
• Also, most animals are characterized to undergo budding as one of the stages of embryonic development, creating cell differentiation in specialized organs and tissues.
• An animal is a social organism that interacts with the environment and other animals, thus forming complex food webs.

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The internal structure of the animal body

An animal’s body consists of a group of cells, and each group of similar cells forms tissues, and a group of tissues that perform the same functions form organs, and thus all the systems of the animal body are formed, namely:

• The skeletal system, or this device, deals with providing protection and support to the entire body of the animal, and this device consists of cartilage, bones or shells, depending on the type of this animal.
• The digestive system and this system are related to the absorption and digestion of food, and also differ according to the type of animal, for example: a person whose digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, salivary duct, intestine, stomach, pancreas, rectum. and liver, not like amoeba and paramecium As for advanced animals, we see that their digestive system is a cavity. It is surrounded by a cell membrane.
• The respiratory system, either through the lungs of a wild animal or the place where air passes from the nose to the alveoli, where the air is cleared of carbon dioxide gas to spread to parts of the body, and marine organisms such as marine organisms breathe through fish gills.
• The circulatory system and the function of this system: It is the distribution of food and oxygen through the body, in order to get rid of waste in the body, and this system consists of blood vessels, heart and blood, and there are also animals with open circulation, that is, the exchange of materials in their bodies as well as disposal of waste through cell membranes.
• As for advanced animals, they have a closed circulatory system with high efficiency as a result of the presence of organs involved in the disposal of animal body waste, such as kidneys and liver, and species of animals whose heart consists of two chambers, such as birds and mammals have heart composed of four chambers. .
• The excretory system is a kidney that specializes in removing waste from the animal’s body.
• This organ is responsible for the reproductive system and the reproductive process, namely the ovaries in females and the testicles in males.
• Immune system, the function of this system is to protect the animal’s body from pathogens, and this system consists of glands, skin and blood cells.
• The nervous system, and this system deals with the regulation of the movement and work of the animal, as well as the regulation of the work of various organs and organs within the body, and the nervous system usually consists of the spinal cord, brain and nerves.
• Endocrine system, this system works with the nervous system and regulates the functioning of the organs.

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animal species

• In the eighteenth century, animals were divided into six species: birds, amphibians, mammals, insects, cetaceans, and other invertebrates.
• At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the scientist Georges Cuvier discovered a big difference between vertebrates and invertebrates, so he divided animals according to function and form into four groups: molluscs, arthropods, vertebrates and radial animals.

Recently, animals have been classified into 6 species:

• Invertebrates are called by this name because they do not have an internal skeleton and spine, and this group includes about 97% of all animals such as worms, insects, sponges, arthropods, molluscs… and others.
• Amphibians and amphibians are among vertebrates such as salamanders and frogs, and these animals stand out for their semi-aquatic lifestyle and the main reason for living near water: laying eggs and maintaining skin moisture, and amphibians are among the most endangered animal species.
• Fish, fish are the first vertebrates to appear on Earth, and fish are divided into three basic types: cartilaginous fish such as sharks, teleost fish such as salmon and tuna, and nudibranchs, and all fish breathe with gills.
• Birds are classified as vertebrates, and there are about 10,000 species of birds. Birds are distinguished by their feathery skin covering and are characterized by the ability to adapt to many climatic conditions.
• Reptiles and reptiles represent a small percentage of animals, and are cold-blooded, and their skin consists of crustaceans and eggs from their skin.
• Mammals and mammals are among the least diverse groups, as there are about 5,000 species of mammals and they are distinguished by the fur that covers their skin, and females have mammary glands that can nurse their young, and they are able to coexist and adapt to many conditions.

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reproduction in animals

Reproduction in animals helps in development and production to preserve the species and the process of reproduction is a complex process and varies from one species to another and animals reproduce in one of two ways: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction and there are some species animals that can reproduce in two ways:

• Sexual reproduction: This type of reproduction requires the presence of sperm and thus the formation of an embryo to fertilize the egg for its appearance, and this type can occur during physical contact like some marine animals such as coral reefs through which the sperm passes the water and thus fertilization occurs.
• Asexual reproduction: This type occurs without the fusion of eggs and sperm, but this reproduction occurs when the female reproduces on her own, and this type of reproduction is usually limited to invertebrates such as worms, and there are some marine organisms that reproduce by budding: hydras , sponges and sea urchins and others.

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Types of asexual education in animals

• Double fission where the individual splits into two equal parts giving two identical individuals like an anemone.
• A part of the animal begins to grow and divide, and that part separates and forms a new individual, as happens with the Hydra animal, and that body can remain attached to the mother animal, as in coral reefs.
• Partial reproduction: This mode occurs when a part of an animal separates and grows into an independent individual, as in the case of a starfish, provided that the size of that individual part is sufficient for growth, and this mode differs from the mode of reproduction in that fission; This is because the two resulting figures are not necessarily the same size.
• Parthenogenesis develops this type of egg and creates a new individual without being fertilized like a bee.

In this article, we learned what an animal is, the internal structure of an animal’s body, types of animals, we talked about types of reproduction in animals and asexual reproduction in animals.